Turning sunlight into energy: How do solar panels work? | PHILERGY German Solar

Metro Manila, Philippines - Perhaps the most persistent myth we come across when it comes to solar panels generating electricity is that these panels need heat from the sun and that’s why solar energy makes sense in a tropical climate. While solar panels do absorb heat from the sun (as most things do), it is from light that solar panels generate energy from, hence its more technical term, photovoltaic (PV) panels.

How do solar panels work?
What are solar cells made out of?
What is the photovoltaic effect?

How do solar panels work?

Solar panels are the most recognizable component of a solar energy system. Solar panels are made up of multiple PV cells, which are typically made of silicon and other materials. Solar panels are typically mounted on rooftop where they can receive maximum sunlight exposure. They are connected to an inverter, which converts the DC electricity produced by the cells into alternating current (AC) electricity that can be used to power homes and businesses.

What are solar cells made out of?

Solar cells are typically made from silicon, a semi-conductive material that has the ability to convert sunlight into electricity. When sunlight hits the surface of a solar cell, it excites electrons in the silicon, causing them to become mobile. These mobile electrons are then harnessed to generate an electrical current that can be used to power various devices.

What is the photovoltaic effect?

The process by which solar cells convert light into energy is known as the photovoltaic effect. This effect relies on the properties of silicon, which has a unique structure that allows it to absorb photons of light. When a photon of light hits the surface of a solar cell, it is absorbed by the silicon and causes an electron to become excited. This excited electron is then able to move freely through the silicon and generate an electric current.

To harness this electric current, solar cells are typically arranged in a grid-like pattern and connected to each other using wires. This creates a larger surface area that is able to capture more sunlight and generate more electricity. The electricity generated by solar cells can then be used to power homes, businesses, and even entire cities.

This video explains the process:

By leveraging the photovoltaic effect, we can reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and help build a cleaner, more sustainable future.

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